We Should View Terrorism By Alan Krueger And Jitka Maleckova

can thus be seen as two sides of the same coin: their organizational structure (or lack thereof), attackers, and victims may differ, but they retain several key similarities. Alan Krueger and Jitka Maleckova argue that we should view terrorism â€Å"less like property crime and more like a violent form of political engagement.† Hate crime should also be conceptualized in this manner. Unlike other forms of criminal activity where the offender’s motivation is often material gain, perpetrators of both terrorist attacks and hate crimes’ motivations are more nebulous -- the opportunity to express grievances and have an outlet for their anger, the desire to be part of a larger community, and ultimately to instill fear in the individuals that they are victimizing. Theoretical research on crime argues that crimes can be a form of â€Å"self-help,† in that individuals are expressing grievance â€Å"by unilateral aggression such as personal violence or property de struction.† In research on conflict more generally, there is evidence that groups who feel aggrieved are more likely to turn to violence. Both terrorism and hate crime may allow their perpetrators to feel like they are a part of something larger than themselves and have an outlet to express their grievances. The desire for group bonding extends beyond the attacks that literally take place within social groups or terrorist networks. For example, the Islamic State openly encourages so-called â€Å"lone wolf† attacks, which are carried out inShow MoreRelatedPoverty in Pakistan5457 Words   |  22 PagesPoverty and fundamentalism: After the 9/11 attacks, much of the political and media debate on terrorism has focused on prevention policies. The widespread view that poverty creates terrorism has dominated much of this debate (Kahn and Weiner, 2002). In other studies Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti (2004) stated that poverty and adverse economic conditions may play an important role explaining terrorism. After September 11, attack several prominent observers ranging from former Vice President AlRead MoreJihad and the World Essay2647 Words   |  11 Pagesunderstanding of Jihad that can be found in the Quran. First, the greater Jihad is the struggle of each individual against their personal struggles of self development and maintenance of their standard of personal belief and daily routine. Muslims should concentrate in their everyday life to elevate their virtues and avoid sin. Second, the lesser Jihad is the only form of warfare permissible under Islamic law, and may be declared against apostates, rebels, highway robbers, violent groups, non-Islamic